A not-to-be-missed opportunity to leave gloomy lockdown behind and to travel with us to sunny Central America to learn about the colourful and magical bird life of Costa Rica. Our speaker will be wildlife photographer, Steve Oakes.
The World of the Hare
As a follow up to our last, wonderfully illustrated talk, given by Jane Russ, the Secretary of the Hare Preservation Trust, you might like to follow this link to her publisher, to see her wildlife series of books, including 'The Hare'. https://graffeg.com/collections/nature
Ergot of Rye
At this time of year many of us have been looking for
fungi in the Forest. One that you may have overlooked is Claviceps purpurea,
Ergot of Rye.
Easily missed, this is one of the most significant fungi
in the history of mankind. It belongs to the fungal group called Ascomycetes
and affects the ovaries of many grass species, but it is especially important
in the Rye grass species. The ‘Ergot’ (from the old French argot, a
cockspur) is the overwintering structure of the fungus. It contains a cocktail
of alkaloids that cause harm and death to animals, including us.
During the Middle Ages ergot may have poisoned at least
10% of the population of western Europe, due to the use of rye in bread
production. Until 1670 it was not understood that ergot was the cause of severe
illness when ingested.
The effects of eating ergot in bread depend on the concentration of the alkaloids, but convulsions, spontaneous abortions and gangrene are the most obvious. It causes the peripheral blood vessels to contract, cutting off the blood supply to the extremities and to the womb, hence the miscarriages. It also contains hallucinogens making sufferers incoherent. It was commonly known as St. Anthony’s Fire as the sufferers were treated in hospitals dedicated to St. Anthony, usually until they died. Some outbreaks in the 1800s are reported to have had mortality rates of up to 40%.
CR
Walk Report - 5th November - Eyeworth Pond
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| Eyeworth Pond |
Given the date, it seemed appropriate for this walk to start from the site where gunpowder and later on, nitrocellulose or guncotton, had been manufactured. The Schultze gunpowder factory, built in the mid 19th century, was sited in this remote spot, presumably to minimise risk from explosions; several were reported. Eyeworth pond was formed by damming the small brook that rises in the valley to the North to create a six million gallon reservoir. (1) This provided the copious amounts of water required during the manufacture of guncotton, to wash wood pulp after its initial treatment with mixtures of nitric and sulphuric acid. The effluent passed into what becomes Latchmoor Brook with predictably dire consequences for wildlife downstream (2)
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| Schultze Gunpowder Factory - then and now |
Little is left of the factory that at one time employed over 100 people and was the world’s largest supplier of sporting gunpowder. Some of the remaining buildings can still be seen and are believed to be stabling for 40 horses and accommodation. Additionally, the gravel track from where the walk sets off, is known as Powder Mill Road, providing a route for explosives to be taken by horse and cart up onto the Cadnam road (3).
Powder Mill Road
Setting off on a bright calm morning, the pond was mirror calm, disturbed only by numerous pairs of Mallard, a few Moorhen, and a single Little Grebe. Immediately beside the car park, is a favourite spot for photographers who bait the surrounding posts and attract large numbers of woodland birds. Today was no exception and there were frequent visits by Blue Tit, Great Tit, Marsh Tit, Nuthatch, Robin and Chaffinch. Walking just a few yards north along the track, brings you to the site of the Irons Well or Chalybeate, marked on the OS. Here, a spring rises, rich in iron salts giving the ground a rusty brown appearance. The waters were thought to be a cure for leprosy and later, for curing mange in dogs and at one time there was a hatch where people could drop their unfortunate dogs into the healing waters! Nowadays the spring is simply an enclosed square close by the path.
Walking further along the track a Great Spotted Woodpecker called in the trees lining the path but evaded attention. Crossing over the valley and fording the small brook, that feeds Eyeworth pond, there is a short climb up onto the ridge above the valley where a fairly extensive stand of Holly trees is found. These were attended by Blackbird, Song Thrush and a small contingent of Redwing that proved flighty and difficult to photograph, but eventually patience was rewarded!
Edge of Eyeworth Wood
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| Redwing |
Crossing the bridleway you reach the old earth embankments that define Studley Wood, a mixture of predominantly beech and some oak trees looking lovely in the Autumn sunshine. Little is left of Studley Castle, the old Hunting Lodge, aside from some slightly raised earthen banks, but it is a tranquil part of this forest. Walking back down the firebreak towards Eyeworth I heard a tremendous clattering of antlers in the woods and paused to watch, from a respectful distance, two Fallow Buck battering at each other, whilst the does looked on with little interest! Very few fungi were seen aside from some Candle Snuff fungi (Xylaria hypoxylon) on a log. A treecreeper explored an Oak tree, buzzard called overhead and Goldcrest flitted through the holly bushes but again, but all evaded photography!
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| Candle Snuff Fungus |
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| Mandarin Duck |
Returning to the pond, just above the sluice gate at the southern tip, I watched a Kingfisher hover briefly and dive before speeding off with its catch. Several pairs of Mandarin Duck, for which Eyeworth is known, eventually emerged from the edge of the pond and showed off in the sunshine. Finally, as I returned to the car, I was delighted to see Robert and Glynis, and again reminded of the pleasure of walking with a group of experts - one day, somehow, we will get back to that! Until then I post a route map and GPX file that can be downloaded by those wishing to follow the route.
References
1/ https://newforestguide.uk/history/new-forest-explosives/schultze-gunpowder-factory/
2/ http://newforestcommoner.co.uk/2015/06/01/new-forest-chalybeate-springs-and-aquatic-things/
3/ http://www.newforestexplorersguide.co.uk/heritage/history-in-the-landscape/eyeworth-pond.html
Map / GPX
Field Meeting report : 1st November 2020 - Roydon Woods
Happily for me, Richard Smith had offered to accompany me on the walk. In so doing, he represented the "wisdom of a full Lymnats contingent" (thankyou Geoff for that observation) and acted as photographer. So thankyou Richard.
Soon after starting, the path crossed a grassy avenue of lime trees believed to be known as "The Gallops" and used to train race horses in the fifties.
Through a gate we joined an undulating and meandering track through relatively open mixed woodland, the watery sun shining magically through the yellowy beech and bracken leaves.
Turning onto a side path almost tunnel like in parts Richard pointed out grooved marks on the bark of some trees, possibly from a bit of antler sharpening or teeth marks.
Sika deer have been seen in the past but not this time.
It seemed we were at the start of a custom made fungi trail starting with amongst others a Hedgehog Fungi Hydnum repandum
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| False Chanterelle |
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| Hedgehog Fungus |
and a False Chanterelle Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca. Richard got busy photogaphing many of them for later and much appreciated identification.
I have been able to include the results of his efforts in this report.
Stopped to gather a few sweet chestnuts.
Then through an area of birch and birch stumps to find a Turkeytail Trametes versicolor with some kind of slimy looking but quite solid fungus and a wonderful display on a stump including some Sulphur Tuft Hypholoma fasciculare to name but two.
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| Sulphur Tuft |
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| Turkey Tail |
Next, a change of trees as we passed into a mainly lodgepole plantation where we crossed a rough woodland roadway.
Here we came across a Bay Bolete Imleria badia, a Razor Strop Piptopurus betulinus a Bloody Brittegill Russula sanguinara and coming out overlooking an open valley, a Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria.
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| Bay Bolete |
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| Birch Polypore |
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| Bloody Brittlegill |
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| Fly Agaric |
Perhaps the fungi was compensation for the occasional fleeting glimpse of a bird.
We descended into the valley which was populated with a few stunted birches, and stopped by an artificial pond which was disappointingly quiet, and then gently climbed up to the far side. We returned along the path along the top of the valley, which at times was almost carpet like to walk on when going through another very quiet plantation and eventually joined an initially shady bridlepath.
A ten minute detour took us to the bridge over the Lymington River which was in full flow but not fast enough to stop a pony forcing it's splashy way across. Impressive none the less.
Finally, near the end, a pair of Pied Wagtails in a field.
Footnote : Despite John's kind words of introduction, we both agreed missing the "wisdom of crowds" that we enjoy so much in more normal times. I welcome any corrections to my very amateur identifications using Roger Philips fieldguide, iNaturalist and first-nature.com. RS
10 Nov - The World of the Hare
Lymnats' last talk, about Pondhead Inclosure, was both enjoyable and informative - taking us on a journey of hazel copppicing, charcoal burning, the opening up of wildlife 'corridors' through woodland and the use of horses and dogs to move cut wood in an environmentally friendly way. Our thanks go to Derek Tippett for the talk and to all the Pondhead volunteers whose work is making such a difference to the inclosure.
Our next talk will be on Tuesday 10 November at 7.15pm and is zooming in (sorry!) on one animal, soon to be appearing on Christmas cards everywhere - the beautiful hare. Our speaker will be Jane Russ, the secretary of the Hare Preservation Trust.
Field meeting report : 23rd October 2020 - Calshot
Fortunately, the torrential rain held off until we were heading back to the cars but one of the earlier showers provided the most spectacular sighting of the day – a double rainbow over the Fawley power station chimney. This was a real juxtaposition of nature and industry and although Richard's photo is brilliant, you had to be there to fully appreciate it!
Collared doves accompanied our walk from the village down the field to the reed beds where the sunlight briefly caught the arrow like flight of a Kingfisher. However, our patience was not rewarded with a reappearance so we moved on.
Across the heath towards the saltmarsh, numerous fungi were evident which certainly highlighted our lack of expertise in mycology even with a handbook at the ready!
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| Common Puffball © RS |
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| Common Toadflax © RS |
There was a fine display of Common Toadflax in flower and a dog rose laden with hips as we headed on towards the Calshot Marshes reserve. Here it was low tide so many of the waders were well out at the waters edge. There were several Curlew, Redshank, and Black Tailed Godwits and an abundance of Oystercatchers. Several Little Egrets were busy among the grasses and offshore there was a large raft of Widgeon and the usual Cormorant on a post with wings outstretched. A couple of Stonechats were darting about on the shingle bank demonstrating how effectively they are camouflaged as they “disappeared” when still.
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| Sea Kale © Geoff Nuckley |
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| Valerian © Geoff Nuckley |
Crossing to the Solent shore side of the beach huts, the blustery winds had brought out a lot of kite surfers so with bird life rather lacking owing to all the activity, we turned our attention to plants of the shingle and identified Sea Kale, Valerian and Yellow Horned Poppy before the downpour struck and we retired to dry off.
Pondhead Inclosure Conservation Talk
Following our last talk, which took us to the beautiful countryside of Shropshire, we are returning closer to home for our next Zoom meeting, which promises to be full of local interest. Derek Tippet will be talking about the work of the Pondhead Conservation Trust to restore and manage woodland in the Pondhead Inclosure near to Lyndhurst, including charcoal production. Invitations have been sent out to members for the talk which is at 7.15 pm on 27th October.
Details of how you can join the society to access our wonderful, varied range of talks can be found on our membership page.
Wilson's Phalarope
The big excitement this month has been the Wilson’s phalarope on Keyhaven Marsh, a very obliging bird showing well for all and sundry. This is a bird of the Western USA in Summer and Argentina in Winter. This puzzled me, so I started to search the literature to see how this bird could end up here!
Wilson’s Phalarope
©
Chris Robinson
Unlike its relatives the Grey (Red) and Red-necked phalaropes it is not a bird of the ocean. It nests around lakes and lacks the highly developed salt-gland of the other two species. However, it is a bird prone to ‘reverse migration’ (genetically programmed dispersal) and has been found in Australia and southern Africa. One was found dead on Alexander Island in Antarctica, making it the most southerly wader in the world. There is also a move into eastern Canada where most of the European vagrants seem to originate from. It first turned up in the UK in 1954 and has been a regular, if scarce, visitor ever since. This one appears to be the seventh recorded in Hampshire. The bird at Keyhaven is not a juvenile, it is an adult bird, suggesting that it got across the Atlantic a year or two ago and is now commuting North and South between West Africa and Scandinavia. This has been documented with other waders, so why not? But why here, on a pocket-handkerchief of a marsh? Well I think the answer lies in the other local migrants.
Grey Phalarope
© Chris Robinson
The
Grey phalarope is known to have favourite stop-offs on its migration routes.
This is the third year that I have seen them at Keyhaven so it is not too much
of a stretch to suggest that these birds have been here before and could well
return next year. The Wilson’s getting here is probably down to it being with
the Greys.
Also, you may not have noticed that a Bar-tailed godwit has just broken the record for the longest non-stop migration ever recorded. It left south-west Alaska on the 16th September and arrived in New Zealand 11 days later! 7,500 miles, having flown at speeds up to 55mph. The bird in question is known as 4BBRW (the colour coding of its rings) and carried a 5mg satellite tag harnessed to its lower back. Amazing.
CR
Walk Report : 4th October 2020 Maiden Lane
Brian was accompanied by cameraman Richard Smith on what would have been the first Sunday bird walk of the winter programme (08.30 - 10.45). The early start was because of the state of the tide (LW 06.18, HW 12.46) although there was not a big tidal range. On a squally, showery morning there was still plenty of interest around 8 Acre Pond and Normandy Lagoon.
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| Greenshank |
Ringed Plover, a little scuttler with a short stubby bill and energetic pecking action, running along as if powered by clockwork and then standing still.
Dunlin, a dumpy little bird feeding busily with a rapid "sewing machine" action using a longish bill, slightly decurved.
Oystercatcher using its powerful bill to probe for large marine worms and molluscs and to prise shellfish from rocks and seaweed.
Black-tailed Godwit, a long-legged, long-billed wader standing with its body well forward, bill probing almost at its toes, often in water up to its belly.
Turnstone, a stocky, short-legged, stubby-billed wader doing exactly what it says on the tin.
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| Kingfisher |
Little Egret, spending much of its time standing still, wading in shallows looking for prey and then dashing about in a frenzied fashion.
Redshank (long, thin and straight) and Curlew (long, decurved) probing with their different length bills, the latter also wading in to deep water.
Other sightings included 2 Kingfishers (at rest and in flight), a soggy and sullen Grey Heron, an imperious Great Black-backed Gull commanding one of the islands in Normandy Lagoon, Little Grebe, Grey Plover, Lapwing, Pied Wagtail, Meadow Pipit, Wren, Stonechat, and Starling. The explosive call of Cetti's Warbler.
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| Grey Plover |
In the departure lounge: Swallow, Wheatear.Arrivals: Wigeon coming from their Arctic nesting grounds, staying until March.Throughout the walk conditions deteriorated for us spectacle wearers!BM
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| Route |
Walk report 1st October 2020 Millyford Bridge
The car park lies part way along the road from Emery Down to Bolderwood and was the site of intensive timber operations during the First World War. A sawmill was operated by men from Canada and Portugal to provide timber for the war effort and a narrow gauge railway operated to transport it away. All that remains today are some concrete blocks and the fireplace of a long gone building, known now as The Portuguese Fireplace.
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| Mistle Thrush |
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| Holidays Hill Inclosure |
On entering the Holidays Hill Inclosure we quickly turned off the cycle track along a path to the right into dense woodland where we came across a variety of fungi including Grey Spotted Amanita, Split Fibrecap, Southern Bracket, False Deathcap, Common Puffball and a Robin at every turn!
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| Grey Spotted Amanita |
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| Split Fibrecap |
We made our way through the wood, mostly with conifer on one side and deciduous on the other, skirting the edge of Wooson’s Hill Inclosure and made our way round the south side coming across a tiny clump of yolk yellow fungal fingers called Golden Spindle. More clumps of fungi on rotting stumps, Sulphur Tuft and Sheathed Woodtuft, and soon we found the first of the King’s Trees that we were looking for.
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| King’s Trees Mark |
These trees are marked with a slashed arrow to indicate that they were now earmarked for use in ship building for the King’s fleet in the 17th century and must not be cut down or pollarded by anyone else. We also found what we think are Witches Marks, made during a similar time to ward off evil spirits. Continuing around the Inclosure to Wooson’s Hill we found several more imposing King’s Trees, all Beech, among the Bracken and Bilberry.
Crossing the road, we took the path into Holmhill Inclosure where we found lovely specimens of Cauliflower Fungus and Golden Scalycap
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| Cauliflower Fungus |
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| Golden Scalycap |
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| Roe deer |
and then a single Roe deer very close by among the trees, seemingly totally unconcerned about our presence. It even decided to settle down on the carpet of autumn leaves before we went on our way.
A couple of Chiffchaff flitted in the sunshine among the Silver Birch as we passed on our way back to the car park. The walk which should have taken about two and a half hours to complete took three and a half on this occasion! In true Lymnats spirit, why rush when there’s so much to see?RP
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Winter is coming
Yes, winter is on its way and our Ghost Walkers will soon be out haunting the paths, byways, tracks and rides of the Forest area. Sadly, we have had to cancel our planned Winter walks programme, which was due to start on 1 October, but in the coming months a number of our leaders will be out walking the routes in their own time and we will be publishing their ‘ghost’ reports and photos on this site as usual. We hope these reports will give you an idea of what to look out for and what you might see on your own walks.
Turnstone © Chris Robinson
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